Exercise and Pregnancy II
During pregnancy significant changes occur musculo-skeletal systems, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and metabolic systems to maintain a normal and optimal functioning of both the pregnant and the fetus. It recognized the importance of physical activity in humans for the maintenance of optimal health, the pregnant woman is excluded from these benefits. Given the normal changes of pregnancy, as well as those that occurred during exercise in pregnant women have an impact on different body systems.
Respiratory system
During pregnancy is a reduction of lung capacity due to the elevation of the diaphragm by the enlarging uterus displaces the abdominal organs upward. This, together with other changes makes breathing per minute is increased.
Metabolism
The main energy source during exercise are carbohydrates. During the latter part of pregnancy at baseline, glucose tolerance is decreased, circulating levels of insulin are increased, the decreased insulin sensitivity (mainly in skeletal muscle) and fasting plasma glucose increases. These functional changes make economize glucose to provide energy substrate to the fetus. However, physical activity improves glucose tolerance and increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. Several studies have found that exercise, particularly in the latter part of pregnancy, glucose-lowering effects, this has suggested an association between exercise during pregnancy and low birth weight, however there is limited evidence. In general, exercise does not have adverse effects on her developing fetus in women healthy, well nourished and normal pregnancy.